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a lot of important research to support

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future deep space exploration is

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underway on the international space

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station now with the one-year mission

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crew members scott kelly and mikhail

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konienko as scientists work to learn

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what it will take to support crews that

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one day will

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venture far beyond low earth orbit an

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investigation known as sleep iss 12 a

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follow-up to research on a previous

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station missions as well as space

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shuttle missions focuses on the quality

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and the quantity of sleep for the crew

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members and how that impacts their

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health and performance this morning

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we're going to learn more about that

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from the principal investigator dr laura

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barger of the harvard medical school and

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brigham

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and women's hospital in boston

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good morning laura thank you for joining

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us

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good morning thanks for having me

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well let's just start with uh this this

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sleep can you i mean obviously we all

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need sleep right here on earth but um

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explain to me why is this important to

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learn about the quality and the quantity

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of sleep that the astronauts are getting

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there in space

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well because sleep is so important it's

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it like you said it's important for

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everyone sleep deficiency here on earth

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leads to negative health and performance

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and safety consequences

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sleep is a biological need

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it can't be overcome by training or

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professionalism or having the right

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stuff in general adults need to sleep

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seven to nine hours per night and um

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as the us population everyone is

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sleeping less now than they used to 50

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years ago only three percent of the

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population was sleeping six hours a

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night or less and now 30 of us adults

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report sleeping

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less than six hours a night and that's

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44 when you look at night shift workers

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so sleep deficiency is a big problem um

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like i said it impairs your health and

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it prepares your performance and your

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mood uh your productivity so obviously

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for the astronauts up in space who have

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to perform well all the time have to be

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very productive sleep deficiency is um

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would would not be a good thing to have

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in space and they need to get a

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sufficient quantity and quality of sleep

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well thank you so much for that i i can

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certainly understand i don't think

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performance perform as well here on

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earth when i don't have enough sleep can

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you tell me i understand you've been

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doing this study since back on the

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shuttle mission so what have we learned

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so far

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well we we have been studying sleep for

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10 years we monitored the sleep of

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shuttle astronauts and astronauts on the

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iss

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so we had 80 crew members on shuttle

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missions and 21 iss crew members

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participate in our study

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and we found that the sleep on the

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shuttle was about six hours per night

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and what was most interesting i think as

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before we undertook the study we had

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thought that

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sleep was restricted on shuttle missions

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but on iss we had heard that people

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adapt and would sleep more and what we

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found was that on the

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uh station missions the astronauts um

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crew members only slept about 10 minutes

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more than they did on the shuttle

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missions

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so so that was a a surprise uh to us

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that we thought that they would be

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sleeping more on the longer duration

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missions and those missions

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averaged about six months

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do you have a hypothesis for

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what would happen for a person who is in

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space for an entire full year

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well that's going to be very interesting

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and um

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we don't know will people learn uh or be

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able to adapt are the schedules going to

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be different

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on the six month missions there were a

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lot of um

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during the time period where we studied

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the shuttle was coming up frequently

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there were other

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progress ships that came up and

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when a

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another vehicle uh docked with the

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station they had to shift their sleep

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wake schedule

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to accommodate the incoming vehicle and

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this puts a lot of

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challenge to the circadian system

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because they have to shift the timing of

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their sleep wake schedule it's like

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traveling across time zones and then

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they would

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shift their schedule back after the

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vehicle left

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and so

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we will see how much that occurs on this

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one year mission

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if that

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if those shifts occur throughout the

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one-year mission like they did the

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six-month mission we may see a lot of

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the same sleep deficiency taking place a

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lot of those circadian challenges

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and you're studying the one-year crew

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members that would be astronaut scott

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kelly and also mikhail konienko can you

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tell me what it is that they do to

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participate in this particular study for

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you

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sure we're using the same protocol that

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we use during the 10-year study so that

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we'll be able to compare

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the data that we collect in the one-year

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mission with the other data collection

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and what we have the the crew members do

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first of all prior to

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flight we collect data to see how they

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sleep here on earth

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and then

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during the mission we monitor sleep

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throughout the mission and then we study

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it post flight as well

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during the study intervals what we have

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the crew member do is wear an actograph

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or an act a watch

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it it looks um something like the

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wearables that you see other people

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wearing

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to monitor their sleep here on earth

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like the fitbits or the jawbones or

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those type of devices we use a research

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quality device it's an accelerometer

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that measures motion of the wrist

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so they wear this continuously

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throughout the data collection periods

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and

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that

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we're able to use a software algorithm

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that estimates how much sleep the crew

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member is getting

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also we have the crew member fill out a

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daily log

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and on that log they tell us how much

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they think they slept

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and when they went to bed and when they

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got up that helps us interpret the

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actigraphy data we're collecting

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also on that log we're able to collect

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information about

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their subjective sleep quality and how

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alert they feel

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and we ask them about counter measures

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that they use so are they using caffeine

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to help them maintain alertness are they

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taking medications to help them

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go to sleep at night

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and

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on earth they fill out that log every

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day

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that during the data collection period

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and up in space they fill that out about

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every third week

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and are they wearing the actor watch

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every day i know we've actually seen

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i've seen several people ask the

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question why they were two watches and i

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guess one of them is for them to tell

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time and then the other one is the actor

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watch for this particular sleep study so

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is this something that they're wearing

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continuously throughout the entire

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mission

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right so they wear it throughout the

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entire one-year mission and so we're

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going to have a lot of great data that

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we'll be able to analyze to look at

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their sleep on a day-to-day basis

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throughout the whole year in space

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how long will they be wearing this when

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they come home so that you can do some

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kind of comparative studies right so

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just for a couple weeks uh after they

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land and we will look at what we would

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call recovery sleep if they have a lost

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sleep in space or have any sleep

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deficiency then we see um

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a

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sleep

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thank you so much laura we really

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appreciate you coming out and talk

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talking with us good luck on the rest of

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your research and we look forward to

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hearing about the results of the one

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year crew mission and best of luck to